Apparatus for protecting volatile liquids.



S. 8'; W-EIL.

APPARATUS FOR PROTECTING VOLATILE LIQUIDS. APPLICATION FILED AUG. 17.1944.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1- I :Eiiiq.

SVS. WEIL. APPARATUS FOR PROTECTING VOLATILE LIQUIDS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. I7. I914. 1,283,384., Patented 0011.29, 1918.

3 SHEETSSHEET 2.

S. S. WEIL.' APPARATUS FOR PROTECTING VOLATILE LIQUIDS. APPLICATIONFILED AUG.I7. 1914.

1,283,384., I Patented Oct. 29, 1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

fig. J0.

Specification of Letters Patent.

APPARATUS FOR PEOTEGTHI G- VOLBTII-E LIQUES.

mama ocean, role.

Application filed August 17, 1914. Serial No. 857,192.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, SYDNEY S. Wan, a citizen of the United States,residing at Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles and State ofCalifornia, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements inApparatus for Protecting Volatile Liquids, of which the following is aspecification.

baflie plate This invention relates to an a paratus for protectingvolatile liquids, an more particularly to a container therefor having animproved spout, or closure means, through which said liquid can besupplied to said container, and through which said liquid can bedischarged from said container. Among the principal objects of thisinvention are to provide improved means for preventing evaporation ofthe liquid in the container; to provide means for controlling the escapeof gas from said receptacle, when it is subjected to high temperature,as in the case of fire, whereby to avoid explosion; to provide means forconvenientlyand securely supporting and using said receptacle with onehand; to provide means for preventing the contents from beingaccidentally spilled in case said container is overturned; and, ingeneral, to provide a simple, practical and comparatively inexpensivedevice of the character referred to.

In order to fully explain the invention, 1 have illustrated the same onthe accompany ing sheets of drawings, which I will now describe.

* Figure 1 is a view partially in central vertical section and partiallyin side elevation of a safety device or can constructed'in accordancewith the present inventlon.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary view of the top of the can, parts being shown inplan.

Fig. 3 is a detail fragmentary View upon an enlarged scale of the outletportion of the distributor or spout, the protection cap therefor beingalso shown.

Fig. 4c is a transverse sectional view through the distributer upon theline ll of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a detail transverse sectional view through the saiddistributer showing the baffle plates therein, the edge of one beingsomewhat broken away beneath it more clearly.

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary detail view showing a portion of the can andshowing the handle in section. r

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary detail sectional is secured to the dome top toshow the other view, showing on an enlarged scale, the upper portion ofa partition in the lower end of the discharge spout.

Fig. 8 is a detail sectional view on an enlarged scale of the doubleseam joint between the dome and the body portion of the canorreceptacle.

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary sectional view through a portion of thepartition and a part of the valve, illustrating the collection of thefluids on the said partition.

Fig. 10 is a central vertical sectional view through the upper portionsof a can or receptacle of a modified form and illustrating the use ofdouble partitions in the inlet and outlet openings of the receptacle.

Fig. 11 is a fragmentary horizontal sectional viewtaken upon the line11-11 of Fig. 10.

Referring to the drawings'by reference numerals, 1 designates acylindrical body with an arched bottom 2 and a dome top 3, all made ofany suitable acid proof and noncorrosive material. The bottom 2 issecured to the lower end of the body 1 as shown at 6, the joint beingfused with hard solder, to hermetically seal the joint as an extraprecaution against any possible leakage. The dome top 3 is similarlyconnected to the body 1, by an outwardly flaring flange 8, and aconvoluted double seam joint 9, fused with hard solder for hermeticallysealing said members. An inverted U -shaped handle 3, by rivets 12,which are, after being riveted, fused with hard solder on the inside.Rounded beads 14: serve to increase body 1.

A spout curved or not to have the discharge orifice presented directlytoward the perforations or capillary passages diate valve 25. Said spouthas a decreasing diameter toward its outlet but is made suflicientlylarge to take care of gas flow due to any high pressure of gas, causedby flre. Said spoutis formed with abase flange 16, by which it issecured to the top of the dome 3, by means of rivets 17.. Below theflange 16 and forming the lower extremity of the conduit 15, is adepending flange 18, which projects into the receptacle a shortdistance. The adjacent vertical portion 19 of the conduit is provi edwith inwardly projecting bafie plates 20 and 21 which extend in- 15provided and preferably the strength of the bent intermediate its lengthso as wardly from opposite sides of the conduit a sufficient distance toact as barriers, and are so spaced as not toobstruct the flow of liquidsunder normal conditions or decrease the area of the conduit inproportion to that of the outlet orifice. Provision is thus made againstany priming of fluid when the receptacle is subjected to intenseexternal heat and intercepting and collecting any moisture or fine dropsof liquid which may be carried upward by a current of gas passingthrough the diaphragm 25, for said bafiies deflect the fluid or heaviermatter and turn it back into the fluid reservoir, with the force ofitsmomentum, augmented by the action of gravity, so that the matter willdescend into the receptacle despite any upward current of gas, thus gasonly is allowed to escape through the passageway of the conduit 15. Thebaffle plates 20 and 2l are so located as to prevent access to the lowerpart of the conduit and render it impossible to insert any implement forrupturing or destroying the diaphragm 25, or the member 26.

Suspended below the conduit and extending downwardly from the neck 18 isa cylindrical member 26, forming a tubular guard, its walls having amultiplicity of comparatively fine apertures therein which arepreferably cone shaped and provided With serrated edges, the aperaturesforming capillary passages 28.

The upper portion of the member 26 is not perforated for a shortdistance, and at the lower end thereof an outwardly flaring seatingflange 32 is formed and adapted to rest upon the outer surface of thedome 3. The material of the can is preferably turned inwardly aroundsaid opening to form a. depending lip 34 which fits closely upon thecylindrical member 26, immediately beneath,

the flange 32. The base flange 16 is formed with a recess 35 whichreceives and covers the said seating flange 32, and the adjacent partsof the said member 26 are thus held tightly in place between the neck 18and the lip 34 making a very tight joint between the parts.

I erably of such a size The apertures or passages 28 are preferablyspaced in staggered relation and a predetermined distance apart. Theyare prefand of such a number to the square inch, that their combinedarea is substantially greater than the area of the duct in the spout,and they are so proportioned as not to restrict the ingress and egressof the fluid under normal conditions,

nor the egress of gas under abnormal conditions.

In the upper part of the tube 26 is located a diaphragm or valve member25 which is provided with apertures 39, preferably like the apertures orpassages 28 of the member 26 and act in a similar way to assist informing a partition between the atmosphere and the gas Within thereceptacle, increasing i the density of gas and thereby preventing thereservoir or receptacle. The said dia-- phragm or valve 36 is preferablycarried by a ring 38, which fits closely in the upper end of the tube26, and may be pressed or sprung into a slight annular depression 37.The said diaphragm or valve is preferably of upwardly convexed shape asclearly shown in Figh'i. The said valve is hinged at 41 to the lowerportion of the ring 38. A spring 43 normally closes said valve member. Aprojection or tongue 42, limits its upward movement. As indicated bydotted lines, the valve 25 will be depressed when liquids are poured inthe can, the partial movement of the said valve in this way facilitatingthe inflow of the liquids. The valve 25 and the ring 38 will normallystand above the liquid level indicated in dotted lines in the upper partof the can or receptacle.

In forms of the device that employ a spout or distributer as 15,'it ispreferable to provide a cap 46, adapted to fit upon and close the outletof the distributer under ordinary conditions. The said cap 46 is carriedby an arm 52, which is provided at its outer end with an operatingportion by which said arm may be depressed for raising the cap.

'A pivot pin 47I secures the arm to lugs 48 of equal length and adaptedto always maintain a space above the central portion of the cap for theescape of gas under certain conditions no matter What may engage thecap.

The cap is also provided with relief valve, comprising a disk 60, seatedin a recess formed in the said cap 46, for closing the passage formedthrough the said cap 46. At the angle between the said walls of therecess 55, a groove is formed at 56 which assists in holding a seatingband or breakable ring 59, which is located in the said recess and holdsthe relief valve or disk 60 in place. Said band or ring 59 is fittedinto the recess 55 and is compressed around the edges of the disk 60whereby an overhanging holding edge is formed about the said disk 60,and the material of'the said band is also compressed so as to'fill thegroove 56, Whereby it will be held more or less firmly in the recess 55.The disk 60 is formed with a slightly beveled edge whereby the outercorner is capable of cutting or shearing the material of the band 59,when the pressure upon the inner surface of the disk, exceeds theshearing resistance offered by the metal of which said band or ring 59is composed. The cap or closing member 46 is preferably mete provided onits under side with a recess or the orifice and the groove 66 machinedor rendered smooth and close fitting for forming a serviceable joint.The flanges depending. upon each side of the groove 66, overlap andprotect the smooth edges of the conduit orifice against injury anddamage through possible rough handling. It will be noted that the uppersurface of .the cap 46 recedes outwardly from the securing band or ring59, affording an ample vaporizing space around the edge of the disk whenit is blown ofi by excessive internal pressure permitting the esca ingsubstances to admix with the oxygen 0 the atmosphere. This rarefiedmixture is then deflected by the lugs 50 and conducted away through thespaces between them, particularly if anything is resting upon the cap.

The interior of the conduit 15 is preferably provided with spirallydisposed ribs 7 6 in the outer portions thereof, providing air exhaustchannels around the stem of a funnel or like device which may beinserted for pouring liquids into the receptacle, the escape of air fromthe receptacle as it is displaced by the liquids, being thus amplyprovided for. The operating end of the cap lever 52 preferably extendsquite close to the handle 10 of the can, and the inner leg of the saidhandle is preferably rounded so as to approximately fit partially aroundthe end of said handle as clearly shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 6 of thedrawing, the structure being such that the thumb when pressing upon saidhandle to lift the cap, will not squeeze between the handle and the caplever or be pinched. By forming the handle 10 with a narrowflat loop asshown in Fig. 1, the can may be easily manipulated with one hand, thefingers of the hand, being thrust throu h the said fiat loop of thehandle, and the thumb engaging the end of the lever 52.

The space above the dotted line in the upper part of the receptacle 1forms a dead air space in which a very small amount of air will beconfined and probably some nonreactive gas, which because of itsbuoyancy and tendency to rise forces out any traces of oxygen that mayhave entered the receptacle.

When the receptacle is filled with liquid the automatic self closing capor valve 46 through the will be closed by its spring hinge, practicallyhermetically sealing the receptacle. When it is desired to discharge thecontents of the receptacle it is only necessary to tilt the same to therequired angle and press upon the lever '52 so as to raise thecap 46.The a ertures in the diaphragm or valve permit t e liquid to flow out ofthe receptacle, but resist the return therethrough of any oxygen formedin the conduit. After Withdrawing the liquid the cap 46 will close underthe action of the spring 49, and the conduit 15 will not only be closedthereby but the pressure of the cap upon the edges of the orifice ofsaid conduit will prevent any dripping from the said orifice.

The form and location of the conduit 15 and the orifice thereof is suchas to prevent the liquid from running down upon the exterior of thereceptacle and being wasted as frequently occurs when attempting to pourliquids from full receptacles. The shape of the structure is such alsothat the oil or other liquids will be concentrated and leave theoutlet-or orifice in a solid stream whereby spattering will beprevented. I

A smal quantity of air in the receptacle at any time, only. serves toproduce with whatever gas escapes from the liquid, a denser gas ormixture which is inert and non-explosive. This inert body of gaswithin'the receptacle is prevented from escape by reason of the factthat it is heavier than the air and is retarded in any movement towardthe discharge outlet by friction in the apertures or capilla passagesformed in the perforated partitlon 26 and also those in the iaphragm'orvalve 25. For the same reason atmospheric air or oxygen therefrom cannotmake its way into the receptacle in any ap 'reciable quantities or inanything like su cient amount .to produce an explosive mixture withinthe receptacle.-

If the temperature is sufliciently high gas will be generated in thereceptacle and W111 rise through passa es 39 of the valve 25 whereby thegas wi be separated into small bubbles or jets during its upward passagepartition and valve and be thus somewhat cooled. An globules or finelyd1- vided drops of liquid ue to the cooling will strike againstthebafiies 20 and 21 ing arrested thereby will induce a return flow intothe unvaporized portion of liquid. Should the gas pass out with greatrapidity, the abrupt turn in-the condult 15 will further aid in thecollection of the-drops of fluid-thrown out b the mgas current and inconjunction with t e ba e plates return the same within the receptacle.

In the event of the generation of excessive and bepressure in thereceptacle, as in the case of a the automatic valve 46 or cap. Theescape of the gas through the conduit with its de creasing area,increases the velocity of the gas, and the ribs 76 give a spiraldirection -to the gas whereby it is whirled and s read out thinlypermitting the oxygen of t e air to readily commingle therewith andfacilitate its rapid combustion and consumption in thesurrounding fire,whereby the serious danger of the presence of such vaporsin theatmosphere is avoided. Any tendency of the flame to enter the conduit 15is obviated by the structure of the device since the volume of gasescaping is under greater pressure than the atmosphere and occupies thefull area of the contracted orifice of the conduit, makin it impossiblefor any oxygen to enter. U pon the decrease of the internal pressure,the automatic valve 46 will be moved to its seat under the action of thespring 49, gradually checking and .finally shutting off the flow of thegas to the air and smothering flame by the exclusion of oxy-,

gen. Of course further escape of gas from the receptacle will be cut ofiif the fire is extinguished and the temperature reduced.

The construction of the collapsible emergency exhaust relief valvecarried by the cap is an important feature of the invention and preventsa possible rupturing of the receptacle from overpressure. Particularlyis this structure useful if any article be left upon the cap, the cancanbe left in a position which prevents the relief action of the cap andan ex losion of the can which might be caused. y the construction of thesaid cap however, the collapsible ring, being weaker than the remainingortions of the structure, will give way rst, re-

leasing the disk thus automatically relievin the expansive force withinthe receptac e and any consequent dan er. It is, of course, necessarythat the said disk be so held that it will resist less pressure than thereceptacle and will therefore he ruptured or blown out before the safetypoint in the strength of the can or receptacle itself has been reached.In other words, the emergency exhaust valve and its holdin means isWeaker than the weakest part 0 the re-- ceptacle. I

If the self-closing cap is maintained in an open position, theatmosphere is still prevented from having access to the'interior .of thereceptacle as the perforations of the diaphragm or aperturedintermediate valve offer their resistance to the flow thereof andincrease its density and thus tend to seal the passages against the flowof gas, the

movement of air or gas the one way or the other being prevented thedensities of the atmos' here and gas consequently equalize on eit orside of the perforated partition thereby preventing evaporation thismini-.

mizing under normal conditions waste from this source and danger ofexplosion while at the same time the free discharge of air underabnormal conditions and excessive pressure can be had at all times. Inactual use it has been demonstrated that with the self closing capbroken off or accidentally held open, the apertured diaphragm 25effectually shuts off the flow of the products of combustion from thechamber in the perforated partition under normal atmospheric conditionsand an open flame may be safely applied to the orifice of the conduitwithout danger of ignition and explosion as there 'is nothing present inthe conduit that will ignite. The partition 26 with its apertures formedwith roughened edges operates as a collecting means for any liquids thatare carried by the gas and which collect upon the surface of thepartition. Small globules of condensed materials collect as shown inFig. 9, and as they gradually run together as globules are added tothem, form drops as clearly shown in said Fig. 9, and finally smallstreams that run down the walls of the partition and drop into thereceptacle.

inlet opening 81 at the top and in the side wall of the dome with anoutlet ofpening or spout 82. A neck or collar 83 is tted 1nto theopening in the top of the can and bent so as to form a-double outerflange 84 and a single inner flange 85 adapted to receive.

between them the slightly inturned edges of the top of the can dome 86.When these flanges are rolled tightly upon the edge of the dome, a tightjoint is formed between the parts, which is not aifected by heat. Thespout 82 is secured in its opening in the dome, in the same way, beingprovided with an outer double flange 87 and an inner-single flange 88.

The inlet opening is provided with a perforated inner partition 89 and aperforated outer partition 90. The partition 89 issomewhat larger thanthe partition 90, and has smaller perforations'or capillary passagesthan said partition 90. The perforations or passages 91 of the partition89 are tapered and provided with sharp or serrated edges usual y on theinner surface of said partition. The perforations 92 in the outerpartition' 90 are made larger than the perforations 91 and may betapered in the opposite direction, and have their sharp or serratededges upon the outer surface of said partition as shown in the drawings.The upper edges of the two partitions are applied together and rolled orcrimped in the neck 83 as'at 93. A mouth piece or collar 94 is alsorolled or crimped upon the said upper edges of the partition and itsupper edge is turned outwardly against the mouth of the neck to make asmooth protected entrance for the can.

The spout at the outlet opening has inner and outer partitions 95 and96, one arranged within the other and having perforations 97 and .98similar to the perforations 91 and 92. The said partitions are similarto the partitions 89 and 90, and their outer edges are applied togetherwithin the spout 82' and secured thereto by rivets 99., 'It will beevident that the shapes of the'double partitions may be greatly varied"without departing from the spirit of the invention and that they may beconical,

frusto-conical, or cylindrical with rounded or flattered ends as foundmost desirable. The outer partitions 90 and 96 are in effect perforateddiaphragm similar to the diaphragm 25', with the exception that they arenot pivoted or hinged, but are fixed in place. The functions of thedouble partitions are the same as the functions heretofore describedwith respect to the partition 26 and the diaphragm 25. They operate tointerpose a dead gas or air space between the contents of the can orreceptacle and the exterior atmosphere, whereby the gases within thereceptacle under normal conditions cannot pass out, and the oxygen fromthe atmosphere cannot enter in sufficient quantities to form inflammableand explosive mixtures. With a can of the type shown in Fig. 10, caps,or other outer safety valves are not usually employed, though of course,they can beused if desired.

With the method of this invention, it is possible to keep igniferousliquid, even in the presence of a fire without the explosion of thecontents of the receptacle used and in this way loss of life andproperty is efiectively prevented.

It should be understood that the means shown and described as anembodiment of the invention is capable of considerable modificationwithin the spirit of the invention so long as the salient features ofthe invention are retained, the drawings being merely illustrative andnot limiting in any sense. As the process and apparatus may be used invarious ways and environs, it is intended in the present application tocover all modifications of the invention which do not involve adeparture from the spirit and scope thereof.

What is claimed is:

1. An apparatus for protecting volatile liquids comprising a containertherefor, a

extension,

discharge spout thereon, an inwardly projecting extension of saiddischarge spout formed of perforated material, a cover like member ofperforated material in said extension near its juncture to saidcontainer,

and baffle members arranged in staggered relation'ship in said dischargespout, substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. An apparatus for protecting volatile liquids comprising a containertherefor, a

discharge spout thereon, an inwardly projecting extension of saiddischarge spout formed of perforated material, a plurality.

of projecting funnelholding members formed on the inside wall of saidspout, and baffle members arranged in staggered relationship in saiddischarge spout, substantially as and for the purpose described.

8. An apparatus for protecting volatile liquids comprising a containertherefor, a discharge spout thereon, an inwardly projecting extension ofsaid discharge spout formed of perforated material, a plurality ofspirally disposed funnel-holding members formed on the inside wall ofsaid spout, and baflie members arranged in staggered relationship insaid discharge spout, substantially as and for the purpose descrlbed.

4:. An apparatus for protecting volatile liquids comprising a containertherefor, a discharge spout thereon, an inwardly projecting extension ofsaid discharge spout formed of perforated material, a plurality ofspirally disposed funnel-holding members formed on the inside of saidspout, and a cover-like member of perforated material in said extensionnear its juncture to said container, substantially as descrlbed.

5. An apparatus for protecting volatile liquids comprising a container,a discharge spout therefor, an inwardly projecting extension of saiddischarge spout made of perforated material, and a hinged cover memberof perforated material mounted on said and adapted to be moved lnwardlywhen liquid is poured into said container through said spout and saidextension, substantially as .described.

6. An apparatus for protecting K701313116 liquids comprising acontainer, a discharge spout therefor, and spirally dlsposed ribs on theinner wall of said spout, for the purpose referred to. 9

7. An apparatus for protecting volat1le liquids comprising a container,a discharge spout therefor, spirally disposed ribs on the inner wall ofsaid spout, and a cover member hingedly secured to said spout andadapted to close the same, said cover member being provided with meansadapted to yield to excessive internal pressure, substantially asdescribed.

8. An apparatus for the safe holding of volatile liquids comprising acontamlng receptacle having an outlet opening, and a 1 Visit,

partition comprising an inwardly extending tubular member at saidopening having a perforated wall, a perforated valve member mounted insaid partition, and means for normally keepin said valve member inclosed position, saic perforations being of tapering form.

9. An apparatus for the safe holding of volatile liquids comprising acontaining receptacle having an opening therein and a partition in saidopening having tapering apertures in its walls, whereby gases which seekto pass the said partition are subjected to retarding friction.

- 10. An apparatus for the safe holding of volatile liquids comprising aliquid contain ing receptacle having an outlet opening and a wall havingtapered apertures with roughened edges interposed in said openingbetween the liquids and the atmosphere.-

11. An apparatus for the safe holding of volatile liquids comprising acan having an opening at the top, a perforated tubular partition adaptedto fit into said opening and having an out-turned flange for restingupon the can, a spout adapted to be secured over said opening and havinga recess for receiving said out-turned flange, and having a dependingflange fitting within the said partition, whereby the flange is lockedin place and means for securing the said spout to the can.

12.A device of the class described com prising a receptacle having anopening in the top, a perforated, tubular partition adapted to fit intosaid opening, an outlet member forming a distributing conduit, saidmember bein offset so that its dischar e orifice is not ireetly over theopening in t e receptacle, and battle projections in said outlet memberfor protectingthe said partition.

13. A device of the class described comprising a can having itscomponent parts oined together by convoluted double seam joints, wherebyinternal pressure Wlll tend to make them tighter, said can having anopening in the top, an outlet member forming a distributing spout, aperforated member interposed between the said outlet member and theinterior of the can, whereby the flow of gases out of or into said canis retarded, bafile projections in the said outlet member projectinginwardly from opposite walls, whereby the perforated member cannot betampered with and the collections due to condensation are caused to runback into the can, the said outlet member also having spirally disposedribs for permitting the escape of air and carbonic gases from the canwhen it is being filled with liquid, and means for controlling the flowof liquids from the said outlet member.

14. A device of the class described comprising a receptacle having anoutlet opening at the top, atubular partition mounted in said openingand extending into the receptacle, the lower portion of the partitionbeing perforated, while the upper portion thereof is imperforate for adistance below the opening in the receptacle to maintain a dead air andgas space in the top of the re ceptacle, an outwardly convexed diaphragmhinged 111 the said tubular partition in the lower part of theimperforate portion thereof, and adapted to swing inwardly when liquidsare poured into the receptacle, a spring normally holding saidperforated diaphragm in its elevated position, and a distributing spoutguarding the said partition and di'ap ragm.

15. A device of the class described com? prising a receptacle having anopening in its walls, a distributer mounted at said opening, anevaporation controllin member at the inner end of said distri uter, acap mounted upon the distributer and having an annular groove adapted tofit closely on the outlet orifice of the distributer, and a safetymember carried by said cap and capable of releasing excessive internalpressures in the event of the cap being obstrueted.

16. A device of the class described comprising a receptacle having anopening in the top, a distributer covering said opening, an evaporationcontrolling-member at the inner end of the distributer, trolled cap atthe outer end of the distributer having a valve seat formed therein, anda safety valve element in said cap.-

17. A device of the class described comprising a receptacle having anoutlet distributer, an evaporation controlling member connected withsaid distributer, a spring actuated obturator normally closing the saiddistributer and having a central recess, a disk mounted in said recess,breakable material forced between the edges of the disk and the walls ofthe recess, said disk having a sharp edge adapted to shear the breakablematerial away under excessive pressure, said recess also having a groovein which the breakable material is forced for firml holding it in theobturator, and a handle or lifting the obturator from its seat whenliquids.

are to be poured from the receptacle.

l8. A device of the class described comprising a receptacle for volatileliquids, a distributer forming an inlet and outlet conduit therefor, acap pivotally mounted on said distributer, and adapted to fit snuglyupon the orifice thereof, said cap having a central opening, a safetydisk held in said opening, friable material holding said safety disk inplace, the seat cap having a series of separated projections with escapepassages between them, Whereby the obstruct ing of the cap by anythingwill not prevent the blowing out of the disk under excesa spring con- 1and from causing ceptacle and having a curved guarding portlon partiallyinclosing the end of said lover, whereby the lever is protected frominjury the said cap.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of twoWitnesses. SYDNEY S. WEIL. Witnesses:

CASELL SEVERANGE, EARLE R. Ponmnn.

the accidental opening of 15

